# Untangling Local and Global Deformations in Deep Convolutional Networks for Image Classification and Sliding Window Detection Source: [Untangling Local and Global Deformations in Deep Convolutional Networks for Image Classification and Sliding Window Detection]() Collection index: [llms.txt]() Data updated: 2025-10-25T20:02:28.305Z Authors: George Papandreou, Iasonas Kokkinos, Pierre-Andr\\'e Savalle Published: 2014-11-30T22:20:17.000Z ## Abstract Deep Convolutional Neural Networks (DCNNs) commonly use generic \`max-pooling' (MP) layers to extract deformation-invariant features, but we argue in favor of a more refined treatment. First, we introduce epitomic convolution as a building block alternative to the common convolution-MP cascade of DCNNs; while having identical complexity to MP, Epitomic Convolution allows for parameter sharing across different filters, resulting in faster convergence and better generalization. Second, we introduce a Multiple Instance Learning approach to explicitly accommodate global translation and scaling when training a DCNN exclusively with class labels. For this we rely on a \`patchwork' data structure that efficiently lays out all image scales and positions as candidates to a DCNN. Factoring global and local deformations allows a DCNN to \`focus its resources' on the treatment of non-rigid deformations and yields a substantial classification accuracy improvement. Third, further pursuing this idea, we develop an efficient DCNN sliding window object detector that employs explicit search over position, scale, and aspect ratio. We provide competitive image classification and localization results on the ImageNet dataset and object detection results on the Pascal VOC 2007 benchmark. ## Recorded benchmark results A research result applies to its stated dataset, split, metric and evaluation configuration. Compare like-for-like settings, preserve the metric's unit and direction, and distinguish paper-reported results from independent reproduction. The best result recorded here is not a claim of exhaustive, current global coverage. ## Original sources and implementation [Original paper]() [PDF]()