# TLR-exosomes exhibit distinct kinetics and effector function

Source: [TLR-exosomes exhibit distinct kinetics and effector function](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa5ecf1e209131ce9e55dc>)

Collection index: [llms.txt](<https://www.sota2.com/research/llms.txt>)

Data updated: 2025-10-25T18:59:50.096Z

Authors: Swetha Srinivasan, Michelle Su, Shashidhar Ravishankar, James Moore, PamelaSara E Head, J. Brandon Dixon, Fredrik O Vannberg

Published: 2016-08-10T00:24:01.000Z

## Abstract

The innate immune system is vital to rapidly responding to pathogens and Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are a critical component of this response. Nanovesicular exosomes play a role in immunity, but to date their exact contribution to the dissemination of the TLR response is unknown. Here we show that exosomes from TLR stimulated cells (TLR-exosomes) can largely recapitulate TLR activation in distal cells in vitro. We can abrogate the action-at-a-distance signaling of exosomes by UV irradiation, demonstrating that RNA is crucial for their effector function. We are the first to show that exosomes derived from poly(I:C) stimulated cells induce in vivo macrophage M1-like polarization within murine lymph nodes. These TLR-exosomes demonstrate enhanced trafficking to the node and preferentially recruit neutrophils as compared to control-exosomes. This work definitively establishes the differential effector function for TLR-exosomes in communicating the activation state of the cell of origin.

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## Original sources and implementation

[Original paper](<https://arxiv.org/abs/1608.08565>)

[PDF](<https://arxiv.org/pdf/1608.08565.pdf>)