# On the Maximum Energy Release from Formation of Static Compact Objects Source: [On the Maximum Energy Release from Formation of Static Compact Objects]() Collection index: [llms.txt]() Data updated: 2025-10-25T05:28:54.105Z Authors: A. Mitra, K. K. Singh Published: 2023-11-21T09:44:03.000Z ## Abstract Type II Supernova 1987A (SN 1987A), observed in 1987, released an energy of \\mbox{$Q \\approx 3 \\times 10^{53}$ erg}}. This huge energy is essentially the magnitude of gravitational potential or self-gravitational energy (PE) of a new born cold neutron star having a gravitational compactness or redshift $z\_b \\approx 0.15$. One may wonder what could be the upper limit on the amount of energy that might be released with the formation of a cold Ultra Compact Object (UCO) with an arbitrary high $z\_b$. Accordingly, here, for the first time, we obtain an analytical expression for the PE of a homogeneous general relativistic UCO assuming it to be cold and static. It is found that the PE of a homogeneous UCO of mass $M$ may exceed Mc$^2$ and be as large as 1.34 Mc$^2$. This result, though surprising, follows from an \\textit{exact and correct} analytical calculation based on the standard General Theory of Relativity (GTR). Further, UCOs supported by tangential stresses may be inhomogeneous and much more massive than neutron stars with PE $\\sim$ 2.1 Mc$^2$ Thus, in principle, formation of an UCO of a few solar masses ($M\_\\odot$) might release an energy $Q\\sim10^{55}$ erg. ## Recorded benchmark results A research result applies to its stated dataset, split, metric and evaluation configuration. Compare like-for-like settings, preserve the metric's unit and direction, and distinguish paper-reported results from independent reproduction. The best result recorded here is not a claim of exhaustive, current global coverage. ## Original sources and implementation [Original paper]() [PDF]()