# Evolution of the number and temperature of the remaining cold atoms in CW-laser photoionization of laser-cooled $^{87}$Rb atoms Source: [Evolution of the number and temperature of the remaining cold atoms in CW-laser photoionization of laser-cooled $^{87}$Rb atoms]() Collection index: [llms.txt]() Data updated: 2025-10-25T04:29:46.571Z Authors: Fei Wang, Feng-Dong Jia, Wei-Chen Liang, Xiao-Kang Li, Yu-Han Wang, Jing-Yu Qian, Dian-Cheng Zhang, Yong Wu, Jian-Guo Wang, Rong-Hua Lu, Xiang-Yuan Xu, Ya-Ping Ruan, Ping Xue, Zhi-Ping Zhong Published: 2023-03-18T08:47:07.000Z ## Abstract Based on the Rb$^+$-Rb hybrid trap, we investigate the effect of ion-atom elastic collisions on the number and temperature of the remaining atoms. We measured the remaining atomic number and temperature as a function of the wavelength and intensity of the ionization laser, and whether the ion trap was turned on. Fittings with a single exponential decay function plus an offset to the number and radius of the remaining atoms are found to be in good agreement. We found a difference in the exponential factor of different wavelengths of ionization laser with the ion trap on or off. We suppose that the presence of electrons affects ion-atom collisions through disorder-induced heating. Our research contributes to a better understanding of how ultracold neutral plasma evolves, particularly the subsequent kinetics of atomic processes, which also serves as a useful reference for high-energy-density plasma. ## Recorded benchmark results A research result applies to its stated dataset, split, metric and evaluation configuration. Compare like-for-like settings, preserve the metric's unit and direction, and distinguish paper-reported results from independent reproduction. The best result recorded here is not a claim of exhaustive, current global coverage. ## Original sources and implementation [Original paper]() [PDF]()