# Collective-model description of shape coexistence and intruder states in cadmium isotopes based on a relativistic energy density functional Source: [Collective-model description of shape coexistence and intruder states in cadmium isotopes based on a relativistic energy density functional]() Collection index: [llms.txt]() Data updated: 2025-10-25T04:10:12.354Z Authors: K. Nomura, K.E. Karakatsanis Published: 2022-09-20T04:46:28.000Z ## Abstract Low-energy structure of even-even $^{108-116}$Cd isotopes is analyzed using a collective model that is based on the nuclear density functional theory. Spectroscopic properties are computed by solving the triaxial quadrupole collective Hamiltonian, with parameters determined by the constrained self-consistent mean-field calculations within the relativistic Hartree-Bogoliubov method employing a universal energy density functional and a pairing force. The collective Hamiltonian reproduces the observed quadrupole phonon states of vibrational character, which are based on the moderately deformed equilibrium minimum in the mean-field potential energy surface. In addition, the calculation yields a low-lying excited $0^+$ band and a $\\gamma$-vibrational band that are associated with a deformed local minimum close in energy to the ground state, consistently with the empirical interpretation of these bands as intruder bands. Observed energy spectra, $B(E2)$, and $\\rho^2(E0)$ values are, in general, reproduced reasonably well. ## Recorded benchmark results A research result applies to its stated dataset, split, metric and evaluation configuration. Compare like-for-like settings, preserve the metric's unit and direction, and distinguish paper-reported results from independent reproduction. The best result recorded here is not a claim of exhaustive, current global coverage. ## Original sources and implementation [Original paper]() [PDF]()