# Unraveling the observational signatures of cloud-cloud collision and hub-filament systems in W31

Source: [Unraveling the observational signatures of cloud-cloud collision and hub-filament systems in W31](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa42391e209131ce900ad4>)

Collection index: [llms.txt](<https://www.sota2.com/research/llms.txt>)

Data updated: 2025-10-25T03:41:04.635Z

Authors: A. K. Maity, L. K. Dewangan, H. Sano, K. Tachihara, Y. Fukui, N. K. Bhadari

Published: 2022-06-13T11:52:00.000Z

## Abstract

To understand the formation process of massive stars, we present a multi-scale and multi-wavelength study of the W31 complex hosting two extended HII regions (i.e., G10.30-0.15 (hereafter, W31-N) and G10.15-0.34 (hereafter, W31-S)) powered by a cluster of O-type stars. Several Class I protostars and a total of 49 ATLASGAL 870 $\\mu$m dust clumps (at d = 3.55 kpc) are found toward the HII regions where some of the clumps are associated with the molecular outflow activity. These results confirm the existence of a single physical system hosting the early phases of star formation. The Herschel 250 $\\mu$m continuum map shows the presence of hub-filament system (HFS) toward both W31-N and W31-S. The central hubs harbour HII regions and they are depicted with extended structures (with T$\_{\\text{d}}$ $\\sim$ 25-32 K) in the Herschel temperature map. In the direction of W31-S, an analysis of the NANTEN2 $^{12}$CO(J = 1-0) and SEDIGISM $^{13}$CO(J = 2-1) line data supports the presence of two cloud components around 8 and 16 km s$^{-1}$, and their connection in velocity space. A spatial complementary distribution between the two cloud components is also investigated toward W31-S, where the signposts of star formation, including massive O-type stars, are concentrated. These findings favor the applicability of cloud-cloud collision (CCC) around $\\sim$2 Myr ago in W31-S. Overall, our observational findings support the theoretical scenario of CCC in W31, which explains the formation of massive stars and the existence of HFSs.

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## Original sources and implementation

[Original paper](<https://arxiv.org/abs/2206.06066>)

[PDF](<https://arxiv.org/pdf/2206.06066.pdf>)