# Unraveling diffusion kinetics of honeycomb structured Na$\_2$Ni$\_2$TeO$\_6$ as a high-potential and stable electrode for sodium-ion batteries

Source: [Unraveling diffusion kinetics of honeycomb structured Na$\_2$Ni$\_2$TeO$\_6$ as a high-potential and stable electrode for sodium-ion batteries](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa408b1e209131ce8f435b>)

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Data updated: 2025-10-25T02:50:39.093Z

Authors: Jayashree Pati, Hari Raj, Simranjot K. Sapra, Anita Dhaka, A. K. Bera, S. M. Yusuf, R. S. Dhaka

Published: 2021-12-01T14:50:05.000Z

## Abstract

In search of the potential cathode materials for sodium-ion batteries and to understand the diffusion kinetics, we report the detailed analysis of electrochemical investigation of honeycomb structured Na$\_{2}$Ni$\_{2}$TeO$\_{6}$ material using cyclic voltammetry (CV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), galvanostatic charge-discharge (GCD) and galvanostatic intermittent titration technique (GITT). We found the discharge capacities of 82 and 77 mAhg$^{-1}$ at 0.05~C and 0.1~C current rates, respectively, and the mid-working potential of $\\approx$3.9~V at 1~C and high capacity retention of 80\\% after 500 cycles at 0.5~C as well as excellent rate capability. The analysis of CV data at different scan rates reveals the pseudo-capacitive mechanism of sodium-ion storage. Interestingly, the {\\it in-situ} EIS measurements show a systematic change in the charge-transfer resistance at different charge/discharge stages as well as after different number of cycles. The diffusion coefficient extracted using CV, EIS and GITT lies mainly in the range of 10$^{-10}$ to 10$^{-12}$ cm$^{2}$s$^{-1}$ and the de-insertion/insertion of Na$^+$-ion concentration during electrochemical cycling is consistent with the ratio of Ni$^{3+}$/Ni$^{2+}$ valence state determined by photoemission study. Moreover, the post-cyclic results of retrieved active material show very stable structure and morphology even after various charge-discharge cycles. Our detailed electrochemical investigation and diffusion kinetics studies establish the material as a high working potential and long life electrode for sodium-ion batteries.

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## Original sources and implementation

[Original paper](<https://arxiv.org/abs/2112.00536>)

[PDF](<https://arxiv.org/pdf/2112.00536.pdf>)