# The effectiveness of data augmentation in porous substrate, nanowire, fiber and tip images at the level of deep learning intelligence Source: [The effectiveness of data augmentation in porous substrate, nanowire, fiber and tip images at the level of deep learning intelligence]() Collection index: [llms.txt]() Data updated: 2025-10-25T02:00:15.972Z Authors: C.H.Wong, S.M. Ng, C.W.Leung, A.F.Zatsepin Published: 2021-03-11T10:05:13.000Z ## Abstract To prepare for identifying the composition of nanowire-fiber mixtures in Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) images, we optimize the performance of image classification between nanowires, fibers and tips due to their geometric similarities. The SEM images are analyzed by deep learning techniques where the validation accuracies of 11 convolutional neural network (CNN) models are compared. By increasing the diversity of data such as reflection, translation and scale factor approaches, the highest validation accuracy of recognizing nanowires, fibers and tips is 97.1%. We proceed to classify the level of porosity in anodized aluminum oxide for the self-assisted nanowire growth where the validation accuracy is optimized at 93%. Our software allow scientists to count the percentage of fibers in any nanowire-fiber composite and design the porous substrate for embedding different sizes of nanowires automatically, which assists the software development in Nanoscience Foundries & Fine Analysis (NFFA) Europe Projects. ## Recorded benchmark results A research result applies to its stated dataset, split, metric and evaluation configuration. Compare like-for-like settings, preserve the metric's unit and direction, and distinguish paper-reported results from independent reproduction. The best result recorded here is not a claim of exhaustive, current global coverage. ## Original sources and implementation [Original paper]() [PDF]()