# Evolution and ion kinetics of a XUV-induced nanoplasma in ammonia clusters Source: [Evolution and ion kinetics of a XUV-induced nanoplasma in ammonia clusters]() Collection index: [llms.txt]() Data updated: 2025-10-25T01:48:08.867Z Authors: R. Michiels, A. C. LaForge, M. Bohlen, C. Callegari, A. Clark, A. von Conta, M. Coreno, M. Di Fraia, M. Drabbels, P. Finetti, M. Huppert, V. Oliver, O. Plekan, K. C. Prince, S. Stranges, H. J. W\\"orner, F. Stienkemeier Published: 2020-10-19T21:20:42.000Z ## Abstract High-intensity extreme ultraviolet (XUV) pulses from a free-electron laser can be used to create a nanoplasma in clusters. In Ref. \[Michiels et al. PCCP, 2020; 22: 7828-7834\] we investigated the formation of excited states in an XUV-induced nanoplasma in ammonia clusters. In the present article we expand our previous study with a detailed analysis of the nanoplasma evolution and ion kinetics. We use a time-delayed UV laser as probe to ionize excited states of H and H$\_2^+$ in the XUV-induced plasma. Employing covariance mapping techniques, we show that the correlated emission of protons plays an important role in the plasma dynamics. The time-dependent kinetic energy of the ions created by the probe laser is measured, revealing the charge neutralization of the cluster happens on a sub-picosecond timescale. Furthermore, we observe ro-vibrationally excited molecular hydrogen ions H$\_2^{+\*}$ being ejected from the clusters. We rationalize our data through a qualitative model of a finite-size non-thermal plasma. ## Recorded benchmark results A research result applies to its stated dataset, split, metric and evaluation configuration. Compare like-for-like settings, preserve the metric's unit and direction, and distinguish paper-reported results from independent reproduction. The best result recorded here is not a claim of exhaustive, current global coverage. ## Original sources and implementation [Original paper]() [PDF]()