# Some peculiarities of water freezing at small sub-zero temperatures

Source: [Some peculiarities of water freezing at small sub-zero temperatures](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa3cb81e209131ce8dd010>)

Collection index: [llms.txt](<https://www.sota2.com/research/llms.txt>)

Data updated: 2025-10-25T01:17:59.083Z

Authors: Alexei V. Finkelstein

Published: 2020-08-31T15:44:12.000Z

## Abstract

I consider the kinetics of water freezing and show that, at small sub-zero temperatures, (i) the time of ice nucleation within the bulk water environment is enormous and therefore cannot take place either in lakes of in living cells; (ii) that the ice nucleation needs some ice-binding surfaces to occur, but (iii) even this kind of ice nucleation can take place, as a rule, only at the temperatures that are a few degrees below 0oC. Further, I discuss factors that can drastically reduce the ice nucleation time at nearly-zero temperatures both in open reservoirs, where water contacts with air, and in cells, where there is no such contact.

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## Original sources and implementation

[Original paper](<https://arxiv.org/abs/2008.13682>)

[PDF](<https://arxiv.org/pdf/2008.13682.pdf>)