# Many-body kinetics of dynamic nuclear polarization by the cross effect

Source: [Many-body kinetics of dynamic nuclear polarization by the cross effect](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa37821e209131ce8b2be2>)

Collection index: [llms.txt](<https://www.sota2.com/research/llms.txt>)

Data updated: 2025-10-24T22:25:57.678Z

Authors: Alexander Karabanov, Daniel Wi\\'sniewski, Federica Raimondi, Igor Lesanovsky, Walter K\\"ockenberger

Published: 2017-07-07T11:45:46.000Z

## Abstract

Dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) is an out-of-equilibrium method for generating non-thermal spin polarization which provides large signal enhancements in modern diagnostic methods based on nuclear magnetic resonance. A particular instance is cross effect DNP, which involves the interaction of two coupled electrons with the nuclear spin ensemble. Here we develop a theory for this important DNP mechanism and show that the non-equilibrium nuclear polarization build-up is effectively driven by three-body incoherent Markovian dissipative processes involving simultaneous state changes of two electrons and one nucleus. Our theoretical approach allows for the first time simulations of the polarization dynamics on an individual spin level for ensembles consisting of hundreds of nuclear spins. The insight obtained by these simulations can be used to find optimal experimental conditions for cross effect DNP and to design tailored radical systems that provide optimal DNP efficiency.

## Recorded benchmark results

A research result applies to its stated dataset, split, metric and evaluation configuration. Compare like-for-like settings, preserve the metric's unit and direction, and distinguish paper-reported results from independent reproduction. The best result recorded here is not a claim of exhaustive, current global coverage.

## Original sources and implementation

[Original paper](<https://arxiv.org/abs/1707.02128>)

[PDF](<https://arxiv.org/pdf/1707.02128.pdf>)