# Duality of the collective and single particle responses in simple metals in the extreme long wavelength limit

Source: [Duality of the collective and single particle responses in simple metals in the extreme long wavelength limit](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa2d601e209131ce858a2e>)

Collection index: [llms.txt](<https://www.sota2.com/research/llms.txt>)

Data updated: 2025-10-24T16:13:00.724Z

Authors: K. Kempa

Published: 2014-05-22T14:41:12.000Z

## Abstract

It is demonstrated that the collective and single particle responses of simple metals in the extreme long wavelength limit become identical. When applied to alternative models of a metallic slab, this duality proves equivalence of the plasma frequency and the surface energy barrier, which confines electrons inside the metal. This in-turn proves also a simple, yet powerful formula, which expresses the work function of a metals as a difference between its free-electron plasmon and Fermi energies, and which has been shown to be more accurate (even for complex metals) than the best available simulations.

## Recorded benchmark results

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## Original sources and implementation

[Original paper](<https://arxiv.org/abs/1405.5772>)

[PDF](<https://arxiv.org/pdf/1405.5772.pdf>)