# Effects of particle-number conservation on heat capacity of nuclei

Source: [Effects of particle-number conservation on heat capacity of nuclei](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa271c2c2a3760193c055a>)

Collection index: [llms.txt](<https://www.sota2.com/research/llms.txt>)

Data updated: 2025-10-24T11:49:47.243Z

Authors: K. Esashika, H. Nakada, K. Tanabe

Published: 2005-03-28T06:45:03.000Z

## Abstract

By applying the particle-number projection to the finite-temperature BCS theory, the $S$-shaped heat capacity, which has recently been claimed to be a fingerprint of the superfluid-to-normal phase transition in nuclei, is reexamined. It is found that the particle-number (or number-parity) projection gives $S$-shapes in the heat capacity of nuclei which look qualitatively similar to the observed ones. These $S$-shapes are accounted for as effects of the particle-number conservation on the quasiparticle excitations, and occur even when we keep the superfluidity at all temperatures by assuming a constant gap in the BCS theory. The present study illustrates significance of the conservation laws in studying phase transitions of finite systems.

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## Original sources and implementation

[Original paper](<https://arxiv.org/abs/nucl-th/0503066>)

[PDF](<https://arxiv.org/pdf/nucl-th/0503066.pdf>)