# Electronic structure of the muonium center as a shallow donor in ZnO

Source: [Electronic structure of the muonium center as a shallow donor in ZnO](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa25732c2a3760193b02f1>)

Collection index: [llms.txt](<https://www.sota2.com/research/llms.txt>)

Data updated: 2025-10-24T10:43:02.663Z

Authors: K. Shimomura, K. Nishiyama, R. Kadono

Published: 2001-12-25T10:22:24.000Z

## Abstract

The electronic structure and the location of muonium centers (Mu) in single-crystalline ZnO were determined for the first time. Two species of Mu centers with extremely small hyperfine parameters have been observed below 40 K. Both Mu centers have an axial-symmetric hyperfine structure along with a \[0001\] axis, indicating that they are located at the AB\_{O,//} and BC\_{//} sites. It is inferred from their small ionization energy (~6 meV and 50 meV) and hyperfine parameters (~10^{-4} times the vacuum value) that these centers behave as shallow donors, strongly suggesting that hydrogen is one of the primary origins of n type conductivity in as-grown ZnO.

## Recorded benchmark results

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## Original sources and implementation

[Original paper](<https://arxiv.org/abs/cond-mat/0112450>)

[PDF](<https://arxiv.org/pdf/cond-mat/0112450.pdf>)