# Nonequilibrium Weak Processes in Kaon Condensation II - Kinetics of condensation ---

Source: [Nonequilibrium Weak Processes in Kaon Condensation II - Kinetics of condensation ---](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa24ed2c2a3760193aab0c>)

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Data updated: 2025-10-24T09:39:45.512Z

Authors: Takumi Muto, Toshitaka Tatsumi, Naoki Iwamoto

Published: 1999-09-18T09:21:45.000Z

## Abstract

The kinetics of negatively charged kaon condensation in the early stages of a newly born neutron star is considered. The thermal kaon process, in which kaons are thermally produced by nucleon-nucleon collisions, is found to be dominant throughout the equilibration process. Temporal changes of the order parameter of the condensate and the number densities of the chemical species are obtained from the rate equations, which include the thermal kaon reactions as well as the kaon-induced Urca and the modified Urca reactions. It is shown that the dynamical evolution of the condensate is characterized by three stages: the first, prior to establishment of a condensate, the second, during the growth and subsequent saturation of the condensate, and the third, near chemical equilibrium. The connection between the existence of a soft kaon mode and the instability of the noncondensed state is discussed. Implications of the nonequilibrium process on the possible delayed collapse of a protoneutron star are also mentioned.

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## Original sources and implementation

[Original paper](<https://arxiv.org/abs/nucl-th/9909047>)

[PDF](<https://arxiv.org/pdf/nucl-th/9909047.pdf>)