# The Sunyaev-Zel'dovich Infrared Experiment: A Millimeter-wave Receiver for Cluster Cosmology Source: [The Sunyaev-Zel'dovich Infrared Experiment: A Millimeter-wave Receiver for Cluster Cosmology]() Collection index: [llms.txt]() Data updated: 2025-10-24T09:03:37.711Z Authors: W. L. Holzapfel, T. M. Wilbanks, P. A. R. Ade, S. E. Church, M. L. Fischer, P. D. Mauskopf, D. E. Osgood, A. E. Lange Published: 1997-02-26T00:01:27.000Z ## Abstract Measurements of the Sunyaev-Zel'dovich (S-Z) effect towards distant clusters of galaxies can be used to determine the Hubble constant and the radial component of cluster peculiar velocities. Determination of the cluster peculiar velocity requires the separation of the two components of the S-Z effect, which are due to the thermal and bulk velocities of the intracluster plasma. The two components can be separated practically only at millimeter (mm) wavelengths. Measurements of the S-Z effect at mm wavelengths are subject to minimal astrophysical confusion and, therefore, provide an important test of results obtained at longer wavelengths. We describe the instrument used to make the first significant detections of the S-Z effect at millimeter wavelengths. This instrument employs new filter, detector, and readout technologies to produce sensitive measurements of differential sky brightness stable on long time scales. These advances allow drift scan observations which achieve high sensitivity while minimizing common sources of systematic error. ## Recorded benchmark results A research result applies to its stated dataset, split, metric and evaluation configuration. Compare like-for-like settings, preserve the metric's unit and direction, and distinguish paper-reported results from independent reproduction. The best result recorded here is not a claim of exhaustive, current global coverage. ## Original sources and implementation [Original paper]() [PDF]()