# Ground states with cluster structures in a frustrated Heisenberg chain

Source: [Ground states with cluster structures in a frustrated Heisenberg chain](<https://www.sota2.com/research/paper/68fa24432c2a3760193a1b0d>)

Collection index: [llms.txt](<https://www.sota2.com/research/llms.txt>)

Data updated: 2025-10-24T09:00:16.554Z

Authors: K. Takano, K. Kubo, H. Sakamoto

Published: 1996-07-08T09:15:02.000Z

## Abstract

We examine the ground state of a Heisenberg model with arbitrary spin S on a one-dimensional lattice composed of diamond-shaped units. A unit includes two types of antiferromagnetic exchange interactions which frustrate each other. The system undergoes phase changes when the ratio $\\lambda$ between the exchange parameters varies. In some phases, strong frustration leads to larger local structures or clusters of spins than a dimer. We prove for arbitrary S that there exists a phase with four-spin cluster states, which was previously found numerically for a special value of $\\lambda$ in the S=1/2 case. For S=1/2 we show that there are three ground state phases and determine their boundaries.

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## Original sources and implementation

[Original paper](<https://arxiv.org/abs/cond-mat/9607052>)

[PDF](<https://arxiv.org/pdf/cond-mat/9607052.pdf>)